<pathology> Inflammation of the brain.
(18 Nov 1997)
Meningitis and encephalitis are inflammatory
diseases of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and are caused by
bacterial or viral infections. Viral meningitis is sometimes called aseptic meningitis to
indicate it is not the result of bacterial infection and cannot be treated with
antibiotics. Symptoms of encephalitis include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, heightened
sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, confusion and impaired judgment, drowsiness,
weak muscles, a clumsy and unsteady gait, and irritability. Symptoms that might require
emergency treatment include loss of consciousness, seizures, muscle weakness, or sudden
severe dementia.
Symptoms of
meningitis, which may appear suddenly, often include high fever, severe and persistent
headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in behavior such as confusion,
sleepiness, and difficulty waking up may also occur. In infants, symptoms of meningitis
may include irritability or fatigue, lack of appetite, and fever. Viral meningitis usually
resolves in 10 days or less, but other types of meningitis can be deadly if not treated
promptly. Anyone experiencing symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis should see a doctor
immediately.
